An Accessible Framework for Systems Change
Systems thinking is often criticized for being overly complex, tangled in diagrams and jargon that paralyze action. Yet, its potential to address interconnected global challenges—from climate change to social inequity—is undeniable.
The Berkana Two Loop Model bridges this gap, offering a simple, action-oriented framework for systems change. In this post, we’ll explore how this model empowers individuals and organizations to navigate transitions, nurture innovation, and compost outdated systems.
Why Traditional Systems Thinking Falls Short
Systems thinking has a branding problem. Terms like feedback loops, leverage points, and emergent properties can alienate newcomers. As Donella Meadows, a pioneer in systems science, once wrote:
“The system is to the future as the genetic code is to the living organism.”
But if the language is inaccessible, how can we apply these insights?
The Tyranny of Complexity
Many frameworks, such as the Iceberg Model or Causal Loop Diagrams, require deep expertise to interpret. This complexity traps people in analysis paralysis, stifling action. Worse, it sidelines grassroots changemakers who lack formal training.
A Call for Practical Tools
The Berkana Two Loop Model answers this call. Developed by the Berkana Institute, it strips systems change down to two core ideas: dominant systems in decline and emergent systems on the rise. Let’s dive in.
The Two Loops: Dominant vs. Emergent Systems
1. The Dominant System
This represents the status quo—structures, policies, and norms that have long governed society. Examples include fossil fuel economies, hierarchical corporate cultures, or centralized education systems. While these systems once thrived, they now show cracks: inefficiency, inequity, or ecological harm.
Key Actors:
- Stabilizers: Entities propping up the old system (e.g., lobbying groups, traditional institutions).
- Hospice Workers: Those easing the transition by supporting individuals grieving the system’s decline.
2. The Emergent System
Here, pioneers experiment with alternatives. Think renewable energy cooperatives, decentralized decision-making, or regenerative agriculture. These innovators operate on the margins but gain momentum through networks.
Key Actors:
- Pioneers: Visionaries testing new ideas (e.g., community organizers, social entrepreneurs).
- Network Weavers: Connectors who link pioneers to amplify impact.
The “two loops” intersect during transition phases, where hospice work and composting (letting go of outdated practices) become critical.
Roles in Systems Transition
Hospice Work: Honoring the Old
Just as hospice care comforts the dying, this role acknowledges the pain of letting go. For example, coal-mining communities transitioning to green energy need economic and emotional support. Organizations like Just Transition Fund exemplify this by retraining workers for sustainable industries.
Composting: Nourishing the New
“Composting” involves repurposing elements of the old system. For instance, traditional banks might adopt blockchain for transparent finance, as seen with DeFi platforms.
Pioneers and Network Weavers
Pioneers like Greta Thunberg spark movements, but networks scale them. The Transition Network connects 1,200+ communities worldwide to share climate solutions.
Applying the Berkana Model: Key Questions
The model invites reflective action through four guiding questions:
1. What Does the Emergent System Look Like?
- Example: A circular economy where waste becomes resources. Companies like Patagonia already embrace this by recycling garments.
2. What Sustains the Dominant System?
- Mental Models: “Growth at all costs” capitalism.
- Power Dynamics: Lobbying by fossil fuel giants (OpenSecrets tracks this influence).
3. What to Compost or Leave Behind?
- Compost: Traditional knowledge integrated into new systems (e.g., Indigenous fire management adopted by CAL FIRE).
- Leave Behind: Exploitative labor practices.
4. How to Nurture Pioneers?
- Provide funding, mentorship, and platforms. Ashoka accelerates social entrepreneurs doing this.
Real-World Applications
Global Scale: Climate Action
The dominant system (fossil fuels) clashes with the emergent (renewables). Pioneers like Tesla innovate, while networks like Climate Action Network connect 1,500+ NGOs.
Organizational Scale: Agile Transformation
Companies like Spotify shifted from rigid hierarchies to agile “squads,” mirroring the emergent system.
Why This Model Resonates
Appreciative
Celebrates existing efforts instead of dwelling on problems. The UN Sustainable Development Goals highlight pioneers advancing these targets.
Empathetic
Acknowledges loss, as seen in Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, which blend justice with healing.
Hopeful
Proves small actions matter. Microfinance lifted millions from poverty through decentralized loans.
Limitations and Critiques
No model is perfect. Critics argue:
- Oversimplification: Real-world systems are messier.
- Resistance: Dominant systems fight back (e.g., Big Oil’s greenwashing).
- Nonlinearity: Emergence isn’t guaranteed—70% of startups fail, per Forbes).
Yet, the model’s strength lies in its actionable clarity.
Case Study: Renewable Energy in Germany
Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) illustrates the two loops:
- Dominant System: Coal and nuclear energy.
- Emergent System: Community-owned renewables (Energiegemeinschaften).
Pioneers like E.ON invested in wind/solar, while hospice workers supported coal regions.
Conclusion: Start Small, Think Systems
The Berkana Two Loop Model demystifies systems change. By naming pioneers, building networks, and composting the old, we create fertile ground for transformation.
For further reading, explore the Berkana Institute’s resources or Donella Meadows’ Thinking in Systems.
References
- Berkana Institute. (n.d.). Two Loops Model. https://berkana.org/
- Transition Network. (2023). About Transition. https://transitionnetwork.org/
- OpenSecrets. (2023). Oil & Gas Lobbying. https://www.opensecrets.org/
- Climate Action Network. (2023). Our Members. https://climatenetwork.org/
